Selfish Love in Emily Brontes Wuthering Heights Essay -- Wuthering H

The Selfish Love in Wuthering Heights Emily Bronts Wuthering Heights is a classic soap opera type drama of infatuation and deceit. Bront advances the plot of this story in several different ways. Perhaps the most effective system and indeed the most vital parts of this story are the characters. Of all the characters of this story, Catherine and Heathcliff stand out the most. There are many similarities as well as many differences between these two characters. The two characteristics most commonly shared by Catherine and Heathcliff are love, although sometimes its hard to tell if it really is love, and selfishness and conceitedness, so extremum at times that it is hard not to get irritated with the novel. The mixture of the love and selfishness of these two characters proves to be fatal. Time and again Catherines extreme selfishness and conceitedness are portion on display. Whether it is through deceit or betrayal, Catherines selfishness plays an important role in almost e very(p renominal) situation she is involved in. Perhaps due to the environments that she was exposed to suppuration up, Catherine becomes very conceited and selfish as a child. After returning from a stay with the Lintons, Catherine is even worse. Bront shows, Our young lady returned to us, saucier, and more passionate, and haughtier than ever (65). Catherines actions were lots governed by her extreme selfishness. In fact, her marriage with Edgar Linton was almost entirely based around what she would get out of it. In a conversation with Nelly, Catherine demonstrates this in saying, ...He allow for be rich, and I shall like to be the greatest woman of the neighbourhood, and I shall be proud of having such a husband, she tells Nelly (57). She has only married for m... ... similar in this aspect. Catherine would not have even been in her death bed had she not acted so selfishly with her husband and Heathcliff. This timeless novel is one of love and deceit. The important characters of C atherine and Heathcliff never cease to amaze as their extreme selfishness ruins every situation they are involved in. When reading this book, it is easy to get lost in how patrician things are however, by the end, the book does teach a lesson. Wuthering Heights demonstrates many things. Though the characters of this book were far exaggerated, and at times frustrating, they teach a very distinct lesson. Love is not meant to be selfish, and if it is, it will never work. The selfish love of Catherine and Heathcliff causes almost every conflict in this book. Work Cited Charlotte Bront. Wuthering Heights. New York TOR Books, 1989.

Henry James, Principled Realism :: Henry James

Henry James, Principled RealismI read a critical essay by Michael Kearns entitled, Henry James, Principled Realism, and the Practice of vital Reading. In it, Kearns invents the terms principled reality and nave reality and how to apply these perspectives when reading Washington Square. As Kearns explores these two types of realities, he states that the readers should take a emplacement of principled realism which he defines as follows principled realism, like pragmatism, is a method which holds that no objective truths or transcendentally privileged perspective loafer be found but that we can understand enough about a situation or event to be able to act responsibly towards all persons involved. We can achieve this, according to Kearns, by understanding that the characters are fully dimensional. We must look at their strong points, their positions on certain issues, and we faculty speculate what their downfall might be. Although Kearns thinks that we who read Washington Square w ith a principled realistic perspective should remain ethically neutral, he does urge that we overly become emotionally involved. He states Principled realism recognizes the importance of emotional as well as rational responses to the extent that readers come to care about the novels characters, they are in a position to perceive and share the fundamental ethical stance of Jamess fiction.On the other hand, Kearns defines his term nave realism as characteristic of someone who mistakenly elevates socially constructed and verbalized knowledge over the individual and inarticulate rather than accepting some(prenominal) as valuable. Kearns believes that Dr. Sloper and the narrator both practice nave realism and this, he contends, is dangerous thinking. He continues Slopers nave realism manifests itself in his belief that he can build a logical theory on factshe has reduced to propositions. Kearns implies that James creates fictional characters (such as Dr. Sloper) to help his readers form the correct ethical judgement about the novel. The doctor is so cold, so calculating, the readers naturally would want to take the opposing position. He is not the only one that Kearns believes uses nave realism. The narrator does as well as the history develops and Catherines experience expands, the narrator remains superior in particular, he grants the young woman no depth of inner life.

Existentialism :: essays research papers

ExistentialismIn our individual routines, each and every one of us strive to be thebest that we ar capable of being. How peculiar this is we aim for similargoals, yet the methods we enact are unique. Just as no two people have the samefingerprint, no two have indistinguishable theories on how to live life. While somefollow religious outlines to aspire to a level of incorrupt excellence, otherspursue unalike approaches. Toward the end of the Nineteenth-Century and onthrough the mid-Twentieth, a movement followed "existentialism," a philosophicaltheory of life, in order to achieve such a level. nevertheless though the idea ofexistentialism is complex, certain themes are common amongst philosophers andauthors moral individualism, exemption of choice, responsibility, alienation.Fundamental to understanding existentialism is the conception of moralindividualism. Existentialism rejects traditional honorable endeavors.Philosophers since the time of Aristotle, circa Third-Centu ry B.C.E. (before thecommon era), have held that everyone should aim for a common peak of ethicalachievement. Aristotle argued for the existence of a divine being, described asthe "Prime Mover," who is responsible for the unity and purposefulness of nature.In order for humanity to attain such a climax, everyone must imitate TheAlmightys perfect profile. Aristotles basic philosophy deduces that humanitystrives for an identical peak of moral excellence, as judged by a higher being(Aristotle).     Existentialism declares that the individual must choose his way thereis no predetermination. Since the humankind is meaningless and absurd, peoplemust set their own ethical standards. The universe does not predetermine moralrules. Each person strives toward a unique moral perfection. The Nineteenth-Century Danish philosopher Soren Kierkegaard, who was the first writer to callhimself e)existential, reacted against tradition by insisting that the highestgood for th e individual is to find his uniqueness. His journal reads, I mustfind a truth that is true for me ... the idea for which I can live or die"(Existentialism). Existentialists believe that morality depends on theindividual, rather than a supreme being. following(a) to moral individualism, the inevitability of choice is the mostprominent existentialist theory. Existentialism assert that people do not havea fixed nature, as other animals and plants do. Our choices determine who weare. The Twentieth-Century French philosopher Jean Paul Sartre proclaimed thatthe most Important choice is the choice of ourselves. Each character makeschoices that create his nature. Existence suggests freedom where mankind isopen to a future that is determined by choice and action. Choice is inescapableand central to human existence the refusal to choose is a choice. Even when a

Essay --

Gerard Manley Hopkins, born in 1844 and who is an optimist, is also one of the greatest poets of the Victorian Era (Academy of American Poets). Theres also William Wordsworth born in 1770 is another(prenominal) optimist and another great poet, but of the Romantic Era (Harriet Monroe). Both of these poets from two separate time periods have the same idea of society and the human population in general. Materialism is a trait that can torment both the rich and the poor and is described as both culturally destructive and very a good deal self destructive (George Monbiot). In both poem of Gods Grandeur by Gerard Manley Hopkins and The World is too Much with Us by William Wordsworth, both of these poems have equivalent ideas of expressing their opinions of the advancement of technology and the growth of complexed architecture.In Hopkins piece of wor k, he puts together a lyrical poem thats filled with alliteration in order to go his phrases more memorable and melodious (Skylar H. Burris). An example may be It will flame out, like shining from shook foil (Hopkins line 2). The diction of the speech communication flame, shining, and shook foil creates the imagery of warmth and liveliness. On the other hand, grandeur is a word used to describe magnificent and impressive (Brian Wasko), but in Hopkins poem, he describes the grandeur as wearing out or is becoming thin. Hopkins message to his readers is that by people rejecting the power of God, people are also attracting oppose situations into their lives. ... ...stent when it comes to the topic of God. In other words, Hopkins tends to shove religion down peoples throats while Wordsworth only mentions God once in line 9, while the rest is intimately the departure of human and nature.In conclusion, Hopkins and Wordsworth both consider that people are beginning to get too caught up in material matters to admire nature because without nature, people wouldnt have any of the objects they would have. As a matter of fact, their would be no life, but only darkness just as Hopkins described. Hopkins and Wordsworth would both change course on the matter that humanity was and is loosing touch with nature. If they were both upset with how their society was back in their time, then they would have been terror-stricken.

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The movie industry is a booming foodstuff during this century. 72/100 of americans go to the movies each year and there are millions of dollars made scarce on the price of a movie ticket alone. Pirating movies is a common action in the coupled states and around the world everyday that does this actually have an effect on the movie industry and profits? To answer this question, one must look at tierce aspects, the industries market, how easy it is to freebooter movies and the laws against piracy. With these three aspects, the effect of pirating movies should become clear. Could a simple download have this big of an affect on an industry that makes millions a year in profits?First, does the industries market actually have an repair from piracy of movies? Supporters of stronger intellectual property enforcement like the men and women who proposed the Stop Online Piracy Act and Protect IP Act bills in Congress claim that piracy of movies is a large issue in the United States. It is estimated that between $200 and $250 billion per year in losses to the united states economy. They also claimed that this causes a loss of 750,000 jobs in the united states. These estimates are wrong. A estimate of $58 billion, was produced by the Institute for Policy Innovation.Stopping Internet piracy may benefit filmmakers but only some filmmakers, and only some of the time. Scholars debate whether this piracy of movies has an affect everyday. This is one of the problem because it seems that it depends on what movie or how ofttimes someone would use an illegal site. A recent updated study by economists students at the Munich School of Management and Copenhagen Business School showed a drawing from virtually five years worth of data. The students looked at box off... ... should soon come to a halt but instead this law is not enforced as advantageously because with the privacy software on the internet, finding who is responsible for the start of a website or even stream ing of a movie is very difficult. The pirating of movies does have an impact on filmmakers and the movie industry but if it took away enough money from the business the film makes and the industry would do more to enforce these laws. The industries market, how easy it is to pirate movies and the laws against piracy all contribute to the filmmakers and industries loss in money but the gains from each movie do not compare to the money that is made in the theaters. Once a movie has been successful in theatres, they should have enough money to not let pirating affect the industry. Pirating movies does affect the industry and is illegal but it does not have a significant effect.

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The pictorial matter industry is a booming market during this century. 72/100 of americans go to the movies each class and in that respect are millions of dollars made only on the price of a movie ticket alone. Pirating movies is a common action in the united states and around the founding everyday but does this actually have an effect on the movie industry and profits? To answer this question, one must look at third aspects, the industries market, how easy it is to pirate movies and the laws against piracy. With these three aspects, the effect of pirating movies should become clear. Could a simple download have this big of an simulate on an industry that makes millions a year in profits?First, does the industries market actually have an impact from piracy of movies? Supporters of stronger intellectual property enforcement like the men and women who proposed the Stop Online Piracy Act and nurture IP Act bills in Congress claim that piracy of movies is a large issue in the United States. It is estimated that between $200 and $250 billion per year in losses to the united states economy. They also claimed that this causes a loss of 750,000 jobs in the united states. These estimates are wrong. A estimate of $58 billion, was produced by the Institute for form _or_ system of government Innovation.Stopping Internet piracy may benefit filmmakers but only some filmmakers, and only some of the time. Scholars debate whether this piracy of movies has an affect everyday. This is one of the problem because it seems that it depends on what movie or how often someone would use an illegal site. A recent updated study by economists students at the Munich educate of Management and Copenhagen Business School showed a drawing from nearly five years worth of data. The students looked at box off... ... should soon come to a halt but instead this law is non enforced as well because with the privacy software on the internet, finding who is responsible for the start of a website or even streaming of a movie is very difficult. The pirating of movies does have an impact on filmmakers and the movie industry but if it took away enough money from the business the film makes and the industry would do more(prenominal) to enforce these laws. The industries market, how easy it is to pirate movies and the laws against piracy all contribute to the filmmakers and industries loss in money but the gains from each movie do not analyze to the money that is made in the theaters. Once a movie has been successful in theatres, they should have enough money to not let pirating affect the industry. Pirating movies does affect the industry and is illegal but it does not have a significant effect.

What is Operations Management?

Operation focussing is concerned with all productive activity, whether manufacturing or service, in public sector or private sector, profit making or non profit making. It is concerned with ensuring that subprograms argon carried place both expeditiously and effectively. All mangers ar operating theatres managers since all ranges within an organization are, presumably, productive activates it goes without saying that all ferment should be carried out efficiently and effectively.However the operation function is the hear t of all manufacturing and service enterprises, and unless this core operation is carried out effectively there is little hope that organization as a whole will be effective. An understanding of Operation Management principals bottom of the inning help any manger to manage more effectively , whatever function they are concerned with but it also leads to a greater understanding of the function of the organization as a whole and a greater discernment for the emergences which affect organizational performances.Definition of operations Management. Operations Management is concerned with managing the resources that directly produce the organizations service or product by and by going through a number of transforming Inputs Processes. The resources will usually consist of slew, materials, technology and information but may go greatr than this. These resources are brought together by a series of makees so that they are utilized to deliver the primary service or product of the organization. Thus, operation vigilance is concerned with managing inputs (resources) through regeneration processes to deliver output (service or product).The following diagram explains the archetype of Operation Management more clearly. (Appendix -1 Pictorial representation of Operation Management) Example of Operation Management Let us consider an example from our daily life to understand the concept of Operation Management more clearly. Consider an education institute, here, the student are a primary inputs. The transformation process is the learning that takes place. The main output is the educated students. For this operation to take place there has to be a befitting timetabling, lecture and care of the whole activity.Scope of Operation Management Expressed in this way it can be picturen that the term operations covers a wide range of organization. Manufacturing, commercial service, public service and opposite not-for-profit sector are all included within its scope. One way of defining operation function of the organization is to define what the end service or product actually is once this is clear, the people who directly contribute to the deli real of the end service or product, and the people who closely support them in this task, can be said to operational personnel of the organization.Read also Exam Operations ManagementUnfortunately, people who actually perform operational roles under this definition are not everlastingly called operational Mangers. This makes identifying the operation more difficult than, say, identifying the financial marketing or personnel functions. Job title such as hospital manger, technical director and store manger do not encounter the word operation in them, yet they are all Operations Management roles. Operations Management and its significance Operations management concepts exactly help us to dispatch a better know ledge of things how they and perform around us.These concepts and theories have been developed by experts from different fields and published to share the knowledge to the publics. Operations management foc spends on how the subtle routines and activities in your life can be systematically mendd and makes our easy little by little. Operations management concepts use logic and practicalities to carry mare efficiency into everyones live and inspire other to bring out more ways to improve this world. Applying concepts to real situationsWhen the concepts and theo ries are produced by the great minds of the world, there are no real tangible benefits until it is actually used and applied in the real world. It is one thing to ruminate that you can invent something that will take current way of living to the next level and another thing to actually do it and make everybody see that your theory is for real. The same rule applies to operations management concepts. They may be avail competent to you and make you aware of how things around you release but if they are not used to improve the current status because they become useless. They become ere writings on paper and nothing more than that. If these concepts are to become relevant to society, people and government it should be used in such a way that their presence is felt in operations they are used. Once this is happen, then you can expect a wave of improvement every day from everyone which led to a greater improvement in the future. A relevant issue wherein operations management can be app lied is in addressing flood damage problem. Todays technology obviously does not have command over natures forces and the disaster that it may bring. The best way to deal with it then is through preparation and some sort of damage.It is in this chance that operations management concepts can shine and really help in providing a boost to the current living conditions. Government applying operations management tools An strategic part in addressing flood damage is the clean up that follows. This procedure is usually the most difficult and the most expensive of them all. After a major(ip) flood, everything is misplaced, infrastructure is ruined and slowly decaying and the area is usually in a state of disorder. If the flood damage cleanup programs are not well designed, it can take a very long time to get the area back on its feet.This means that people will not be able to get paid and it will hurt their way of living. As you can see, the most important things to be considered is how quickly flood damages can be cleaned up and in order to figure out the best possible way to do this, government turn up to use operations management concepts to settle things as soon as possible and which they were successful. The concepts will break down each process that is needed to cleanup flood damage and improve the little details to make everything better, faster and more efficient fullest extent for a better and quick result.Concepts and its applications The first concept in operations management is project planning the scope of flood damage cleanups usually covers a big area with varying terrains. To be able to work quickly, a very good plan must be set before everybody can get to work. In project planning, there is an emphasis on scheduling and process layout. If there is a set schedule for when cleanup crew are supposed to move in and their job, there will not be any wasted time or effort.It will also move on supervisors control over inactive crew so they can be given wo rk and be more productive. An example in terms cleaning up after flood damage is the different jobs that are involved. First, the area has to be cleaned up of debris so a specific cleanup crew will have to handle that. Only after they finish will the road speed up crew be able to do their job. Basically, project planning process layout creates a sequence for the different jobs that need to be through with(p) and, again, lessens confusion as to what should be done first or not. The next important concept is TQM which stands total quality management this idea states that there should always be ageless improvement within each and every process no matter how miniscule the improvement may be. The logic behind this is that each small additive improvement will eventually add up to something significant if it is done regularly. Obviously in term of flood damage cleanups, anything that can be done a little bit quickly will be beneficial in the long run.This is why each process, cleaning repairing, debris- removing and all other activities should always be done at the fastest pace possible without sacrificing quality and safety. More and more, faster times and more efficient procedures should be set out and eventually, there should be marked improvement over the original performance. Another relevant concept that can b applied is capacity analysis this takes a logical step in measuring how much capacity a given machine or worker can take. It allows foe downtime, mistake and other unpredictable events then chums out the data to make it relevant.This is important because it help the project planner to be attended to. Capacity analysis also give a good idea of how well equipped a flood damage teams are in regards to dealing with worst case scenarios. The last concept that will be discussed is that of facility position planning flood damage cleanup supervisors should be able to pin point possible trouble disfigure during bad weather and be able to situate headquarters nearby. Using this concept may help in determining the most favorable location for setting up of headquarters which will result in save of time and energy.Advantages from Operation Management Application Although many of the operations management concepts have been discussed, you can see it is beneficial to apply these ideas. It may cost money but the advantages they give are limitless. More efficiency and faster routines are a win- win situation for flood damage crew, government and the residents of the area. Simply put through, operations management concepts real aim is to put organization in continually improvement and to make working condition easy and time saving. Basically, applying different operations management concepts can greatly help in different store of work.

Thai Environment Support Physical Activity Health And Social Care Essay

IntroductionIn sure-enough(a) grownups, personal activity is necessary to confer and keep wellness. ( 1 ) Physical milieu, a construct of environment which includes both natural characteristics and human notions, ( 2,3 ) is significantly associated with physiologic activity eng erament within adepttime(a)er people. ( 4-8 ) While the significance of somatic environment is trade good recognized, an accurate step to place the item features of the carnal environment in relationship to one s strong-arm activity, with regard to older Thai people ( gray 60 old ages and older ) , directly non good established.Most of the physical environment questionnaires presently being utilise have been developed in Western states and intimately of these graduated tables used within tot all toldy ages. ( 9-12 ) Furthermore, different dependability among urban and sylvan respondents have been noticed. ( 14 ) Some questionnaires are designed utilizing either neighborhood-focused graduated tables or residential district-focused graduated table to tone the physical environment ( 5,12,14 ) , whereas others uses both. ( 8,15 ) Prior look into has found that facets of physical environment, i.e. safety, traffic volume, street lighting, unattended Canis familiariss, pavements and accessible public diversion installations, influence one s physical activity, ( 5-8 ) whereas other groundss educe ambiguous consequences. ( 12,14,16 ) These incompatibilities may be related, peculiarly in older grownups, to the type of measuring used to measure the physical environment.The milieual Supports for Physical Activity Questionnaire ( ESPA ) is a measuring designed to capture and measure the back uping societal and physical environment for physical activity typically performed by all ages. ( 4,17 ) While non all ESPA attributes apply to the aged Thai who live in either urban or rural countries, most properties are closely congruous with this population. In add-on, the coefficient differences among urban and rural respondents of the ESPA were little when compared with other questionnaires. ( 13 ) As a consequence, ESPA was chosen for physical environment appraisal in senior Thai individuals.The differences in geographic characteristics, civilization and forms of life of aged Thais, may be influenced non merely by their vicinity and community environments but anyhow place environment. Merely everywhere three-quarterss of senior Thais resided in their ain places. ( 18 ) Most cast off the bulk of their twenty-four hours in family jobs, household attention activities, horticulture, every bit good as take parting in community groups activities. ( 5-6 ) With progressing age, the place environment and close milieus become the major life infinite where senior citizens perform their mundane activities and spend most of their nip. ( 19 ) Harmonizing to the findings of the preliminary survey in 10 older Thais, place was most often mentioned as a favourite topogra phical layover for prosecuting in physical activity because of safety concerns and whatsis. Even though ESPA focuses chiefly on vicinity and community environmental properties, the relationship of place environment and physical activity of older people is still unknown. aft(prenominal) obtaining written consent from the writer, the ESPA was translated into Thai by the translation-back interlingual rendition method. ( 20 ) Some points of the ESPA questionnaire were deleted and the questionnaire format reviewed. Deleted points reflected physical activities and topographic points that are unfound in the Thai context. Five pages of the graduated table and assorted types of picks that was thought by the research histrion to be hard to reply were besides removed from the questionnaire. Furthermore, a demand exists to measure home-focused graduated table as an facet of the physical environment of aged Thais. The special ESPA was beliefualized to include three subscales, with the hexa d points functioning as supportive vicinity and community environments, and four new points as supportive of place environment. The new one page questionnaire was named Thai Environment Support for Physical Activity in older Tai people ( TESPA ) . However, if there is low mistake in the appraisal, the bankers bill of the relationship between physical environment and physical activity will be raised. For these grounds, the TESPA needs to be validated for the older Thai population.AimThe intent of this survey was to measure TESPA among Thai seniors for dependability and susceptibility.InstrumentsFour instruments were used to roll up cultures. They included demographic informations questionnaire the Chula Mental Test ( CMT ) the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Long signifier ( IPAQ-L ) and the TESPADemographics The research worker designed a demographic information questionnaire which was used to obtain demographic and socioeconomic informations about each(preno minal) topic.The Chula Mental Test ( CMT ) The CMT is a 13 points, interview manner, used to mensurate cognitive map of older Tai who have trouble reading and authorship. ( 21 ) Entire tonss indicate cognitive map and scope from 0-19. The rigour and dependability of the CMT was unobjectionable. ( 21 )The IPAQ-L The IPAQ-L assesses the frequence, strength and continuance of all day-to-day physical activity undertaken by five spheres including work-related activities transport-related activities domestic jobs leisure clip related activities and clip exhausted sitting during the old 7 yearss. ( 22 ) The entire physical activity equals the MET ( metabolic equivalents ) mark, which is the amount of proceedingss spent in each sphere multiply by the MET value. ( 23 ) Threshold values for the IPAQ-L in this survey included the undermentioned classs insufficiently active ( & lt 600 MET-min/week ) , and sufficient active ( & gt 600 Met-min-week ) . ( 24 ) After obtaining written conse nt from the writer, the IPAQ-L was translated into Thai by the translation-back interlingual rendition method. ( 20 ) The content was validated by three experts in gerontologies and a content cogency baron ( CVI ) of 0.96 obtained. The stableness by test-retest over two hebdomads utilizing the Spearman correlativity coefficient of the IPAQ-L was report to be 0.77 in the pilot survey.The TESPA the TESPA is composed of 10 points three vicinity points, three community points, and four place points ( see Table 1 ) . Neighborhood environment is referred to older people s perceptual experiences of support including features, entree, and barriers to physical activity in an country within a 10-minutes walk from their place. ( 17 ) Community environment support refers to older people s perceptual experiences of convenience and the safe appearance of physical activity in their community within a 20-minutes thrust from their place. ( 17 ) Home environment support is defined as participants perceptual experiences of convenience and safety, both in and around their place, in relation to their physical activity battle. The Likert graduated table was used to measure physical environment for physical activity. mathematical responses were 1 ( strongly disagree ) , 2 ( disagree ) , 3 ( neither agree nor disagree ) , 4 ( agree ) , and 5 ( strongly agree ) . The possible tonss ranged from 10 to 50. Higher tonss indicated a higher degree of sensed physical environment support towards physical activity.MethodThe cross-sectional design was conducted in two stages. cast I involved quantifying the TESPA that had been implemented during the pilot survey. Phase II included using TESPA to the flow rate survey concept cogency was accomplished through customs of confirmatory factor summary and the known-group method.Phase 1 Quantification of the TESPAValidation and finding of the dependability of TESPA s psychometric belongingss was accomplished. Three geriatric experts determine d the content cogency of the TESPA graduated table. When the CVI reached an acceptable value, the pilot survey was conducted.Prior to garnering informations, two research helpers, nursing alumnuss with maestro s grades who had old research experience, were trained to interview participants who met the standards. The research helpers were instructed and tested to confirm their apprehension of sample standards, definitions, and base constructs of each questionnaire until a satisfactory degree had been reached at the discretion of the research worker. for each one research helper and the research worker interviewed 5 samples and inter-rater dependability was assessed. Agreement between the research helpers and the research worker ranged from 78-92 % , with an mean understanding of 87 % .The pilot survey was carried out on October 2008. The purposes were to measure the feasibleness, and to measure psychometric belongingss utilizing TESPA. After obtaining moralss blessing from the IRB, Chulalongkorn University, Thailand, consent was obtained from the managers of two Primary Care Units ( PCU ) , in two small towns ( one located in an urban environment and the other in a rural country ) , in Khon Kaen Province, Thailand. Participants were older Thai people who met the undermentioned inclusion standards 60 old ages of age and over, nomadic and cognitively capable of replying inquiries accurately. No wellness jobs or ongoing interventions that would disrupt engagement in physical activity such as property suffered a recent cardiovascular event ( anterior 6 months ) , nephritic failure, liver cirrhosis, human immunodeficiency virus, major surgery in the last 6 hebdomads, or a history of medicine usage for the bosom or blood vass during the last three months. Fifteen older people from each puting were recruited utilizing purposive sampling. Each possible participant was given an informed consent signifier that explained the intents of the survey, undertakings to be co mpleted and the length of clip needed to finish the interview, every bit good as its benefits, hazards, types of questionnaires they would be asked to reply, and that they could retreat at anytime without reverberations. The participants were interviewed at their places or at a local temple, whichever suited them. A codification figure was assigned to each participant to maintain confidentiality. Furthermore, stableness of dependability of the TESPA was obtained in two hebdomads, whereas internal consistence was assessed at baseline.The participants were preponderantly older ( average age = 70+ 4.19 old ages ) , lived with partner ( 53.3 % ) , employed ( 62.6 % ) , females ( 76.7 % ) , who had an simple instruction ( 80 % ) and a household income of less than 5,000 Baht ( USD 147 ) per month ( 76.7 % ) . A significant proportion ( 63.3 % ) of them had lived in a municipal country for an norm of 44.6 old ages in their ain abode. Although 50 % ( n=15 ) of the participants felt they ha d a sufficient degree of physical activity, 20 % ( n=6 ) said their physical activity degree was low. Merely 23.3 % ( n=7 ) reported holding no current wellness jobs, and 16.7 % of them were hypertensive. Their most frequent type of physical activity was household-related activities, followed by leisure clip, transportation-related and occupational activities.Phase 2 Measuring the InstrumentPhase II involved finding of the concept cogency of the TESPA. A sample of 320 aged was obtained via multi-stage stochastic trying from 12 small towns in six states of Thailand. One individual from each household was selected utilizing a systematic random trying technique from a list of household names provided by the PCU unit of each small town. None of the selected names were involved in any of anterior pilot surveies.Datas were collected between November 2008 and April 2009. Prior to the interview, the research worker introduced herself, established resonance, explained the intent of the surv ey, the parts the participants would do, the choice standards and emphasized the confidentiality or namelessness of the information being collected. Potential participants were eligible if they scored & gt 15 on the CMT, were able to ambulate without assistive devices and were willing to take part. The interview procedure took about 15-20 proceedingss. A 5 minute remainder was given after completion of each questionnaire. Participants were ab initio asked to finish the questionnaire on personal informations, and the TESPA, followed by the IPAQ-L questionnaires. Each participant were given a hankie for their clip take parting in the interview.Datas analysisDescriptive informations are presented as average + SD. The internal dependability of the graduated table was based on an alpha coefficient greater than or equal to 0.70 ( 25 ) stableness of the graduated table was analyzed by merchandise correlativity coefficient. Reliability of each point, overall dependability, and concept cog ency of the graduated table were determined utilizing structural equation mold ( SEM ) . ( 26 )The known-group technique was conducted utilizing the multivariate analysis of discrepancy, to compare the physical environment of those who reported sufficient physical activity and those who did non. Statistical significance for analyses except SEM was defined as P & lt 0.05. SPSS version 17.0 was used.ConsequencesTable 1 depicts participants age, which ranged from 60 to 94 old ages old. one-half of the participants ( 50.0 % ) age ranged in between 60-69 old ages. The participants were preponderantly females ( 55 % , n=176 ) , and married ( 64.4 % , n=206 ) who had an simple instruction ( 75.6 % , n=242 ) .In add-on, family activities had the highest degree of engagement, followed by deportation related activities, leisure, and business, severally.Insert table 1 herePhase 1 Quantification of TESPAThe CVI of the TESPA questionnaire was 0.92. The dependability coefficients and the test- retest dependability of the graduated table were 0.73 and 0.76 severally. Besides, the alpha coefficient of place had the highest value, followed by vicinity and community, severally ( i= 0.83,0.66, and 0.06 ) . The TESPA was culturally appropriate for aged Thais and the processs were followed without any trouble.Phase 2 Measuring the InstrumentThe entire amount tonss of the TESPA ranged from 19.00 to 50.00, with a mean of 34.87 ( SD=6.47 ) . Based on collateral factor analysis, the findings demonstrated that the concept of TESPA was composed of place, vicinity, and community environment subscales. The correlativity among points ranged from 0.02 to 0.77 and the entire graduated table could explicate 61.01 % of the discrepancy of physical environment. The place, vicinity, and community subscale could account for 29.4 % , 19.7 % , and 12.0 % of the discrepancy, severally. The measurement theoretical account testing was designed to gauge which ten points were used as indexs for the the oretical account. Although the original theoretical account was statistically important, the theoretical account was non consistent with the informations /df= 4.59 and a RMSEA value greater than 0.05 ( = 151.54, df= 33 P & lt 0.0001 GFI= 0.91 RMSEA= 0.06 NFI= 0.88 CFI= 0.91 ) . Based on alteration indices, mistake covariances were allowed to correlate. The revised measuring theoretical account ( see Figure 1 ) was re-assessed and findings indicated that overall fit indices had improved. The revised theoretical account was fit with the following data/df= 1.33 ( =33.27, df= 25, p=0.13, GFI= 0.98, RMSEA= 0.03, NFI= 0.98, CFI= 0.99 ) . Furthermore, the correlativities between subscales presented significantly low to chair values ( Home-Neighborhood, r=0.51, P & lt 0.01 Home-Community, r=0.29, P & lt 0.01 Neighborhood-Community, r=0.38. P & lt 0.01 ) .Insert figure 1 hereTable 2 illustrates the burdens with t-values and square multiple correlativity coefficients among each asce rtained variables for the TESPA graduated table. The squared multiple correlativities for ascertained variables of the latent variables ranged from 0.02 to 0.92. The R2 of points 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 were acceptable indexs, but points 1, 7, 8, 9, and 10 which were less than 0.40.Insert Table 2 hereTable 3 shows differences in the TESPA subscale between the two physical activity degree ( P & lt 0.05 ) .Insert Table 3 hereDiscussionTesting of the TESPA measuring provided extra grounds for the cogency and dependability. The findings are discussed in the undermentioned subdivision.The content cogency and concept cogency of the TESPA graduated table were acceptable. Continued support for the concept cogency of the graduated table was besides provided through collateral factor analysis ( LISREL 8.80 pupil edition ) and the known-group method. The TESPA measuring theoretical account demonstrated that all measured sub-scales had important low to high parametric quantity estimations, which wer e related to their specific concepts and validated the relationships among ascertained variables and their concepts. The known-group technique is an scrutiny of relationships based on theoretical anticipation. ( 27 ) Within the known-group method, the findings demonstrated that all three physical environment all three subscales and entire tonss were significantly correlated with physical activity. This determination indicated that older people who had sufficient degree of physical activity scored significantly higher in each of three factors supportive place, vicinity, and community environment than those who did non. The bulk of the seniors sampled have lived in their place for a average 30 old ages accordingly, they were familiar with the physical features of their environment in and outside the place. In add-on, engagement in family activities had the highest degree of engagement, followed by transit related activities, leisure, and business, severally. As a ground, senior cit izens determine the facets of their physical environment to which they are exposed, and in bend, that physical environment modifies their behaviour. It is possible that the friendly environment contributed to physical activity battle, while unfriendly environments discouraged activity. Therefore, although place environment is restricted by country and instruments, the determination demonstrates that it can be included as an extra facet for supplying physical activity battle.Sing dependability, the TESPA exceeded the covet standard of 0.70 for new graduated tables, peculiarly place subscale had the highest value. However, the dependability for vicinity and community subscale were depicted less than the old survey. ( 13 ) Although the R2 for points 1, 7, 8, 9 and 10 indicated that they were distant for the TESPA graduated table, the measuring theoretical account had a good tantrum with the empirical information. It is the first clip this graduated table has been validated in aged Th ais, moreover this survey produced normative informations for comparing in the aged, which were non found in other surveies. Approximately 61 % of the discrepancy in the TESPA graduated table was explained by the 10 points, whereas 39 % of the discrepancy in this graduated table remains unexplained. Matching with the SCT attack, Bandura argues that about all facets of the physical environment can act upon one s determination about physical activity battle. ( 3 ) Owing to the fact that the TESPA measuring includes merely safety, convenience, and handiness it is possible that other facets such as policy ( 28 ) may farther lend to physical activity. Extra work is needed to place these yet unidentified facets.Restrictions and recommendationsThis survey was limited by homogeneousness of the sample. The bulks of participants were female, married, with low socioeconomic position, and lived in their place. Continued rating of the psychometric belongingss both in other samples and extra new points are recommended. Additionally, the usage of an utilizing verifiable measuring should be considered, to further add to the cogency of the findings and confirm the subjective study.However, based on three subscales of the TESPA, use of these factors with cognitive behavioural and policy schemes may promote the aged to increase their physical activity battle. This consequence can widen cognition of the physical environment for physical activity measuring.DecisionsThe TESPA was developed from the modified ESPA and the findings of a qualitative survey of older Thai people. Psychometric rating of the TESPA graduated table, including cogency and dependability, were chiefly satisfactory. Although the testing of the TESPA graduated table represents an initial effort, the consequences of the current survey suggest that the definition of the physical environment should include the place environment, every bit good as vicinity and community environment as these besides contains both in centives and obstructions for older Thai people set abouting physical activity.

Hollow of the Three Hills Essay

Themes of the Hollow of the three Hills-main character as a beautiful charwoman with a shameful and abominable past. -trying to run from it will hardly make the problem follow.-character as some superstar who is a plighted subject who had such a private that she had to be where no mortal could observe them. -She wanted this witch to help her see and hear what was happening with her loved ones merely she only had one mo to do so and after this one hour she would die Hawthorne did not come out and said this but in saying things like there is but a short hour that we may tarry here. and I will do your bidding though I did .She had run from everything that was important to her because the nearly important, was dying. Hawthorne was not too clear in stating what exactly the problem was but it seemed that her daughter had fallen ill. Throughout the story Hawthorne masks this fact well and uses foreshadowing nicely. In one part where the main character is looking in on her parents b y means of the witches powers and Hawthorne describes her parents as speaking of a daughter, a wanderer they -Not only she had left him with pain and suffering for their child but she had also left him with pain and aversion towards her.She tried to run away from her daughters sickness and encroaching remnant, but by doing so only brought guilt and remorse upon herself. She must have known that her husband would have strong feelings of antipathy towards her and salvage willingly looked in on his life to see how he was. The part in the story when she looked back towards her husband was the part of the story that stuck out the around as Nathaniel Hawthornes style of writing. This was a wide-cut example of his Puritan Guilt Ethic.She felt such remorse for leaving that the only good thing to do was to check up on him and see if he was all right. Nathaniel Hawthorne uses the Puritan Guilt Ethic in most of his short stories and novels and this is one example of him using it. The da ughter died of her illness as Hawthorne foreshadowed throughout the short story by writing such things as into the tone of a death bell and like lamplight on the wall of a sepulchre.The main character left her daughter to die and that is just what happened. Looking back in survey the main character probably would have stayed with her daughter. -As a mother watching her daughters funeral brigade must have broken her heart but watching it through a witches spell must have shattered it. Hawthornes main character chose to run like a coward and in the intercept paid the worst consequence of all.She gave up her life to witness the pain and suffering she had cause to others. With her daughter dead by disease, her husband infuriated with disgust and pain, and her parents filled with disgust and humiliation she had no one that cared about her at all because she couldnt handle the emotional stress. How much emotional stress does it seem she caused to others in the end though? She tried to escape her duties as a wife and mother but they just followed her to the very end

363 Word on Being Disrespectful to Teachers

My 363 word on why I was being Disrespectful Im sorry for my behavior that day. I knew that I was wrong when I left the room without your permission. I should have stayed in my seat. I should have left when you called my row or my name. I come that I was wrong. That will never happen again. The reason why I had left was because I was trying to beat miracle to the locker because she take too long. And she takes up all the space. I know that, that was childish.I know I necessitate to be more respectful because I have been really disrespectful to you. And I squall that it will never happen again. Will I get those same grades bake that you didnt get put in because I really need that? I have been working on my behavior. And the great(p) behavior I have been given will change. Sometimes when I have a bad mood I will be very disrespectful. Sometimes when I am disrespectful is when somebody has done something wrong to me.Or when another teacher or adult blame me for something that I do w rong. But what I did wrong doesnt concern a bad day. I dont repute if my attitude was a good attitude, but I know that my behavior was on point until at the end of the class period. We should respect our teachers because if we dont respect people that are more complex and more experienced than us it will reflect on us earlier down in our lives.Teacher Cadet EssayAlthough sometimes our teachers may make a fool of us and humiliate us and sometimes embarrass us in the cruelest ways we should not retaliate in a bad way. If we know all the rules in the work we should report it to the principal or someone that is a part of the school and is able to tell the teacher that he/she is doing something very, very, very, very, very wrong. Instead we should always ask the teacher if you can please leave the room to go to my locker. I should have just waited until you called my row.

How Does Advertisement Influence People’s Behaviour?

In the modern world, advertisement is everywhere. In every abundance walk of life, there are huge competitions. As a result, advertisement has become more important. If you can be more noticeable, it means you would have chances to market. Therefore, advertisement has great impact on different slew. Advertising, is chiefly used in market, conjure up to marketing message, which is presented by an identified sponsor in extinctive media such as the television, newspapers, radio, magazines and Internet. The term may be used to refer to message presentation in the marketplace.The term may also be extended to show a product in a television syllabus or movie, which in order to tar draw off audience. This research paper focus on how does advertisement influence shaverren and women on the society? Nowadays, advertisements can be shew everywhere in our daily life.When you are walking on the street, you can see the advertisements in the shops or markets. When you are notice TV, advert isements appear between programs. When you are reading newspapers, there are advertisements in the newspapers.Since advertisements are so democratic in our daily life, they have great impact on the society and throngs behaviors. The influence can be in positive and negative ways. First of solely, since advertisements are what we use to provide information for the customers, through advertisements, customers can get a lot of useful information like the functions of a product, the price of it and where they can buy it. In a manner of speaking, advertisements give us suggestions on what to buy and how to improve our life quality. Secondly, good advertisements can always stimulate consumers purchase desire.Such advertisements can usually help increase the sales of a kind of product. Therefore, advertisements can boot the profit of a company and stimulate the economy of a district. And they may create new fashion trends. Thirdly, good advertisements are usually great works of art, too. They are beautiful and creative. So they have positive impacts on both the society and the people. Through advertisements, social aesthetic aim can be raised, and people leave be encouraged to appreciate beauty and to be creative. However, advertisements are not all good.They have bad impacts on the society and peoples behavior as well. As we all know, advertising is the most commonly used way by the companies to increase the sales. As a result, companies will try their best to attract audience even some times neglect bad impacts.Advertising is routinely being targeted to children in all over the world. Medias influence on children is mainly due to two dimensions-advertising and editorial/programming contended(O Guinn and Shrum,1997) with advertising specifically intended to inform young consumers around products and encourage their purchase.1 Because advertising makes effect on children, the media must impact the children, in other words, the children must reach the media, and then, interact with them. Children play passive place in the learning process, and they are good at imitating. When they are g wrangleing, they are trying to find a person such as their parents as models.Some of them will study on magazines watch movies and TV shows to find out how to be a successful boy or girl. From the most fashionable hairstyle, the most popular music and dance, to the views to different kind of things.There are two ways that children can obtain round products. One is from parents, and the other one is from peers. Parents as consumer socialization agents. In western nations, it has been shown that parents nurture children how to choose products, which are satisfied in the marketplace.Meanwhile, teaching them understand how to compare products in price and quality. Evidence shows that the more often that parents motor young people shopping, the more aware the young people turn to purchasing information. Moreover, the communications among family members may al so impact young peoples interactions.Another significant evidence suggests that advertisement in television effect children a lot. Media influences most childrens requests for advertised products. Another important way young people can be affected is peers. At school, children spend long time studying or playing together.They can learn from each other what habiliment styles are popular right now or how to wear can get more attention from others. In addition, peers influence a lot in childrens interaction for products. For example, they learn from their friends which stores are cheaper, which brands of selected products are much better.It is logical that if child A and child B are good friends, they always paly together, and if child A likes a brand of products, then child B will be influenced by child A, and start loving this brand of products. Also, there is an change magnitude evidence show that the more children affect each other, the more products will be purchased by children .Thus, children are the huge consumer group in the world. The effect of advertisements on women in society. In the history, there is a standard of beauty during every period of time.But never like today, all kinds of media, especially television media, trying to teach us what is beauty should look like. In order to satisfy the needs males, advertisements are trying to define female beauty. Try to make women be seen as the aesthetic object and use this kind of copy beauty to attract consumers.Meanwhile, as a target group of consumer, women are apparently influenced by advertisements during watching process. The images in the advertising become emulating the target. In these pictures, the models are wearing pretty clothes, and they are having perfect bodies, long hair.They look sexy and attractive. In the society, this kind of advertising images are seen everywhere. Also, it influences women how they should look like and dress. For example, when several graceful air hostess who are d ressing in a suit, having the long hair floats walking row tidy out from the plane.And telling others the reason why they have beautiful hair it is because they use LOREAL shampoo. After that, do you think women can just rest or ignore? All above, the unreal female beauty standard misled the female consumption. According to the stereotype image, there is few woman can pass on young and beauty.So, women start to re-create themselves. They use cosmetics, beauty, breast augmentation surgery and even cosmetic surgery to make themselves follow advertising images beautiful figures. As a result, women fall into the trap that shops made. Women accept advertising values, aesthetics propaganda and at the same time, they will act.Eventually, advertisement leads them to consume. It can be said that the whole industriousness are describing the perfect female in advertising, meanwhile, using womens fear and upset feeling which is they are not as good as the models in the advertising to sell p roducts to promoteconsumption.Therefore, because of stereotyped advertisement, the consumption from women becomes modeled. One study of a sample of Stanford graduates and undergraduates found that sixty-eight percent of students felt worse about their own appearances after reading womens magazines (Crafting a Perfect Body).For example, Allure magazines, in 30 advertisements, 90% of them are thin Caucasian women who have long specious hair and blue eyes. Even the African American women, they changed hair to make it light and straight and try to look like Caucasian women.

Hershey’s Enterprise Essay

This assignment involves reading two case studies and answering both(prenominal) questions under Discussion Case 1( Chapter 1 Opening Case Hersheys Enterprise 21 reckon ) and answering the following questions for case 2 Rolls Royces ERP Implementation (Chapter 1) that are listed on page 34 in the text which are the following1. What do you think of RRs ERP Implementation Project? Did they select the right implementation dodging?2. Discuss the Critical Success Factors of RRs implementation strategy and the situation of SMEs in the project.3. What advice suffer you return to RRs technical team on their approach of migrating legacy outline, with the SAP software?Please submit the answers to the three above questions in either a PDF or word document via the eLearning Assignment 8.Please do not forget to answer the two questions listed under Discussion Case 1 at a time there. Do not put these answers in the document with the 3 questions above from the Rolls Royces case study1. What do you think ab bulge Hersheys ERP strategy?(1) Hershey made a poor strategy when implement the ERP(2) They start the implementation of ERP when they lacked the necessary people at the altitude management level to make decisions on the implementation plan(3) Implement too many changes too fast(4) Hersheys employee were not trained for the entropy entry when the system change so sharp(5) Top management didnt get involved in any implementation2. What lessons can be learned from the Hershey experience?(1) Go slow and use a phased- in approach(2) Train the worker to get use to the rigid data required system(3) A teamof top management must steer the launch of software(4) Keep simple and limit the number of software application once a time(5) working(a) group must communicate with IT on data request(6) Get worker involved in process map1. What do you think of RRs ERP Implementation project? Did they select the right implementation strategy? The RRs ERP Implementation is innevitable s ince the need of handle the volume of data and growth of the company, however the succeeder cause of right implementation strategy and excellent IT team.2. Discuss the Critical Success Factors of RRs implementation strategy and the role of SMEs in the project.(1) The critical succeeder factor is RR had an excellent ERP team both EDS personnel and SAP confultants to impelement the SAP smoothly from legacy system and identified problem of implementation of ERP before First, they hired SAP consultant help with implementationSec, SME know cross- functional business relationships and experience of the old legacy systems Third, OBU responsible for working changes and training(2) The role of SMEThe SAP the rigid business process structure,is complicated, new to the company user at first that may cause lots of resistance out out of the working practices and low efficent with the experience of cross- functional business relationships and experience of old legacy systems they enable the tr aining and the user fully understand the utilize funtionality3. What advice can you give to RRs technical team on their approach of migrating legacy system with the SAP software?(1) To make sure the data retrieved from the legacy system is accurate(2) Technical should communitcate with functional group more through about their specific data requirement(3) Spend extra time to ensure the data from all the functional group before put into Linux system to test

David Jones Essay

David Jones has a skilled, experienced and expertise bestride of directors which is accountable for caring the rights, interests and the management of David Jones. Chief administrator Officer and Managing director atomic number 18 responsible for setting strategy, planning and administration for the company on mundane basis. Paul Zahra has been Chief Executive Officer and Managing director for David Jones since 18 June 2010. Mr Zahra has more than 30 years experience in the Australian retail industriousness.He has held senior management roles across the retail sector in the argonas of buying, instals, visual merchandising, supply chain, store refurbishments, customer service and operations. handlers be from a mix of different backgrounds, knowledge, skills and experience in the areas of retailing, financial services, property management and development, marketing, human resources, information technology, finance and law.Board of Directors Committee Memberships Name Role Audit Remuneration and Nominations Peter Mason AM Chairman and Non-Executive Director Paul Zahra Chief Executive Officer Jane Harvey Non-Executive DirectorJohn Harvey Non-Executive Director Chairman Philippa Stone Non-Executive Director Steven Vamos Non-Executive Director Chairman Leigh Clapham Non-Executive Director Executive Management Name Role Paul Zahra Chief Executive Officer Paula Bauchinger pigeonholing Executive Human Resources Cate Daniels Group Executive Operations Matthew Durbin Executive Strategic Planning Antony Karp Group Executive Retail Services Sacha Laing Group Executive Marketing and monetary Services Donna Player Group Executive Merchandise David Robinson Executive Multi Channel Strategy and Integration Brad Soller Chief Financial Officer 2. EmployeesAccording to David Jones , to achieve the highest doughs and improve customer satisfaction, the company need to create an effective working environment for their employees following these goals Every employee is treasured Recognition and reward for their contribution and performance provide opportunities for employees to achieve their full potential Obligation to recourse, health and welfare, environmental responsibilities and Support for philanthropic causes that are essential to both David Jones customers and employees. at that placefore, David Jones commitment is to realising its vision of being the best place for our people to work.In FY2012, David Jones invested in a range of advantages to ensure employees feel cherished and supported David Jones Charity Leave Policy Supporting the philanthropic causes that are important to its customers and team members. Employee Referral Program To reward any team member whose referral results in the successful placement of an external candidate in a nominated vacancy. Employee Self Service To help team members achieve their full potential, reduces administration and to strike David Jones objective of transitioning to an environment entirelyy sustainable business model.Innovation Workshop Encourage continued innovative thinking, 150 team members from across the business participated in an intent workshop at the Companys annual conference in August 2012. To invest in the future and build the management and leadership energy of line managers, David Jones has established training and development programs. David Jones Executive leaders Program is designed to address the development needs of the David Jones Executive Committee and Executive Leadership Team, and comprises five leadership modules including a 360-degree leadership survey.David Jones Future Leaders Program is designed in-house to develop high potential people managers that have been identified as part of the Companys annual succession planning process. Operations Online Compliance is designed to ensures that frontline employees remain current in processes and policies that are important to their role, including oeuvre safety, food safety, customer service and the David Jones Code of Ethics and Conduct. Recognition and Reward New Executive incentive Framework New Enterprise Agreements New Frontline Incentive Program Excellence Awards ProgramDavid Jones does not tolerate harassment, discrimination or bullying in the workplace. Employees of David Jones can expect to be treated in a fair and professional manner. Unacceptable behaviours under the David Jones terms of employment Harassment- Discrimination and Bullying. 3. Organisational Culture Diversity Management and the entire David Jones workforce are embraced of and attract diverse, happy and motivated people. David Jones diversity supports commitment to a culture that equally embraces gender, age, culture, religious beliefs, sexual orientation and family responsibilities of our people.David Jones encourages and supports all of our employees to reach their full potential and irrespective of gender. David Jones bodied sponsorship of the National Breast Cancer Foundation and the operatio n of Rose Clinics, while a philanthropic initiative, also serves to demonstrate our commitment to raising health knowingness among employees and customers alike. This is representative of our broader commitment to the promotion of women and issues that affect women Equity David Jones has a Share Trading Policy that complies with the requirements of ASX Listing Rule 12.This was lodged with the ASX in 2010 and is available in the somatic Governance section of its website. Consistent with the legal prohibitions on insider trading, under the policy, all directors, officers, members of senior management, other employees and consultants are prohibited from dealing in David Jones securities while in possession of unpublished price sensitive information astir(predicate) David Jones. HSBC CUSTODY NOMINEES (AUSTRALIA) LIMITED is the biggest shareholders with 69,772,020 shares (13. 20%). The 20 largest ordinary shareholders hold 45.17% of the ordinary shares of the Company. impertinent envir onment I. General Environment 1. Political and Legal Carbon Pricing Scheme David Jones has a proven track record in reducing its nose candy emissions and supports the government of the day in its attempts to move the economy towards a low-carbon future. David Jones conducted its own analysis in 2011 to determine the direct involve on its cost stern and participated in roundtable discussions facilitated by the Australian National Retailers Association (ANRA) to review macro-environmental impacts of the scheme.Macro-environmental impacts ANRA advocated that the government release analysis outlining how households would be affected and compensated by the adit of a carbon price. Subsequent to these discussions, additional information was released, addressing many of the unknown factors in relation to the scheme and confining any detrimental impact on consumer sentiment, which is a key driver of top-line growth for discretionary retailers. Direct financial impactsDavid Jones count on the Business Roundtable on Climate Change, established by the Federal government, to represent business interests in the development of the Clean Energy Future legislative package, including the carbon pricing scheme. Trading Hours David Jones follow retail industrys opening hours Monday930am 700pm Tuesday930am 700pm Wednesday930am 700pm Thursday930am 900pm Friday930am 900pm Saturday900am 700pm Sunday1000am 700pm 2. Economical Low Inflation rate and high Australian dollar makes foreign imports become cheaper, leads to an increase in profit of David Jones.On the other hand, increase in the value of money also makes customers become interested in shopping online or buy nices overseas, makes customers rate of David Jones fall. Therefore, David Jones should fructify the price of goods for both profitable and consistent with the economic situation and the needs of customers. An increase in the unemployment rate reduces peoples income and also their shopping needs. 3. friendly Cultural People are trying to keep a balance between their work and social-life. Besides spending a whole day at work, they are go outing to spend more time go to department stores on the weekdays.Based on population data from around Australia, Gen Y has appeared as Australias largest demographic with 4. 67 million people. Generation X has also grown to 4. 6 million. And, the Baby Boomer demographic is shrinking falling by 6,000 to just 4. 11 million people. Generation X and Y are tremendously profits savvy. The internet is the first place that they look when purchasing goods and services. There are more educated people so their knowledge about fashion and fashion demand has increased. They are willing to purchase clothes with good quality from well-known suppliers. 4. TechnologicalNew Point of Sale (POS) system will improve customers service experience and reduce transaction times. This system has multi-functionality and will play a pivotal role in David Jones OCR Strategy. David Jones also has new Workforce Management and Traffic Analytics System. 5. Natural David Jones is committed to managing its own operations in an environmentally sustainable manner and will meet this commitment by Investing in efficiency measures and driving behavioural change to reduce the impact that the business has on the environment Embedding environmental sustainability into the corporate heathenish of the organisationDeveloping robustmanagement systems to ensure transparency and confidence in environmental coverage. David Jones environment strategy comprises four strategic objectives Improve environmental outcomes, by reducing greenhouse gas emissions, protecting and conserving natural resources, and optimising water use. Motivate cultural change, by encouraging behavioural change and then by integrating sustainability into decision making at all levels of the organisation.Engage with employees, customers and shareholders, to ensure that interested stakeholders are able to ac cess information about David Jones environmental impacts and initiatives, and ensure that the Companys approach to sustainability reflects stakeholder expectations. Meet and, where viable, exceed the Companys mandatory and willing reporting obligations. II. Specific environment 1. Customers People are willing to dress nicer, fussy and trendy. The way they dress is usually according to the fashion trend. They are influenced from the internet all the fashion trends are spreading quickly. 2. Competitors MyerMyer is Australias largest department store group, and a market leader in Australian retailing, operating about 65 stores that offer some of the top style and fashion lines in the country. Merchandise (some 2,400 brands) is sourced from suppliers worldwide and includes accessories womens, mens, and childrens apparel beauty and cosmetics electrical goods housewares and toys. Myer runs stores in about 25 of the top 30 largest shopping centres in Australia, with New South Wales as it s top market, followed by Victoria and Queensland. Besides Myer, Target, Kmart and other smaller retailers are also David Jones competitors.3. Suppliers Suppliers are an integral part of David Jones Home of Brands strategy, which makes David Jones stand out from its competitors. David Jones is committed to improving and strengthening their relationship with each of their suppliers. David Jones also appreciates suppliers that have understood Australian customers and have adjusted their prices. 4. Regulations ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION David Jones takes a responsible approach in relation to the management of environmental matters. David Jones report has followed with the requirements of the National babys room and Energy Reporting Act 2007 (Cth) (NGER Act).No environmental breaches have been notified to the Company Entity by any government agency. David Jones is committed to protecting the health, safety and welfare of all employees, contractors, visitors and customers. David Jones co ntinues to work towards achieving an incident-free and injury-free workplace. This commitment is supported by the SafetyFirstdavidjones management system and the Companys safety programs SafetyFirst davidjones management system imitates efforts of team members to put SafetyFirst in daily tasks and activities, by identifying and controlling hazards that have the potential to cause incidents and injuries.Safety Information Management system Incident, Hazard and Investigation provides an on-line system to support the reporting of incidents and the completion of incident investigations, risk assessments and associated corrective actions Case and Claims Management focuses on the management of information related to workers compensation claim files, claim transactions and payments as well as Return to Work Plans for work related and non-work related injuries Risk Management Audit and Inspections Training focuses on core compliance training, safety accountabilities, hazard and risk managem ent and injury management training.

Strategic Management Assignment

HANOI UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF MANAGEMENT AND TOURISM -o0o- INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT analysis investigate in Motion Ltd. Tutor Mr. Nguy? n Anh Quan Students Ph? m Thanh H? ng M? u Minh Tuy? n Vu Ng? c Anh Class Tutorial 3 Course Strategic instruction Date 16/09/cc9 Word count 3, 261 words I. INTRODUCTION Besides external environment analysis, in order to craft a plausible schema, the friendship has to to a lower placestand itself as well, or in opposite words, to c arfully evaluate its resources and competitive sentiment. In this report, we look into the case of Research in Motion Ltd. line) to expatiate this point. Firstly, we will provide readers with background knowledge of the corporation, fol pitifuling by sound judgment of the high societys accredited dodging. Then, the rig out analysis is executed, and the weighted competitive strength assessments is considered. Lastly, from the analysis, we provide the list of issues and problems that merit front-burner managerial back up. II. eubstance 1. Companys background edge was founded in 1984 by Mike Lazardis. Based in Waterloo, Ontario, the company also has offices in coupling America, Europe and Asia Pacific. strand provides platforms and solutions for access to time-sensitive learning, including email, phone, Instant Messaging (IM), short inwardness value (SMS) messaging, Global Positioning System (GPS), Internet and intranet-based applications. mouth is known primarily as the master and provider of blackberry bush wireless devices and electronic mail services. It arse provide workrs with a wireless extension of their reach and personal email accounts, including Microsoft Outlook, IBM Lotus Notes, Novell GroupWise and many Internet service provider (ISP) email services. border has recently reached 14 trillion subscribers world long and had retributory any over $6 billion in revenue. In earliest 2008, RIM was one of Canadas largest companies with a market capitalization of $69. 4 b illion. RIM had much than 100,000 initiative customers and an estimated 42% market ploughsh be of converged devices. Revenues were contributed chief(prenominal)ly by handheld sales (73%), followed by service (18%), package (6%) and some other revenues (3%). In 2007, 57. 9% of RIMs revenues were derived from the US, 7. 3% from Canada and the stick arounding 34. % from other countries. RIM had over 270 carrier partnerships in much than 110 countries. In terms of harvest-tide innovation, RIM has a wide range of harvesting envision and innovation awards, including recognition from Computerworld as one of the Top 10 Products of the historic 40 Years. 2. Assessment of companys current strategy 2. 1 Companys strategic approach RIMs strategy focuses mainly on differentiating its productions from those of competitors in order to serve a niche market for business class.In terms of differentiation, the blackberry wireless platform and line of handhelds take e-mail, phone, IM, SM S, internet, music, camera, video, radio, organizer, GPS and a variety of other applications. berrys small size, long battery life, and ease of use, make the product extremely popular with busy executives who valued the safe and secure auction pitch of corporate mail. In fact, organizations that relied on sensitive information, such as the U. S. government and large financial institutions, were early and loyal adopters of BlackBerry and RIMs largest customers.RIMs attempt e-mail servers, which were attached to the customers e-mail and IM servers behind company firewalls, encrypted and redirected e-mail and other info before forwarding the information to end consumers through and through wireless service providers (see Exhibit 3). RIM had to a greater extent than 100,000 enterprise customers and an estimated 42 per cent market sh atomic number 18 of converged devices as mentioned above. 2. 2 Firms competitive scope RIM has a quite qualify geographic market coverage, mainly in t he region of North America, with the US market contributing 57. % of RIMs revenues, 7. 3% from Canada and the rest 34. 8% from other countries. The company competes in several industries, including wireless devices, packet and service. In terms of revenue distribution, as mentioned above, handheld sales is in the first rank 73%, followed by service 18%, bundle system 6% and other revenues 3%. 2. 3 Recent expire position and performance In terms of competing against rivals, RIMs strengths firstly lie in the qualification to improve its products twain in aim and technology.For example, RIM had recently introduced the award-winning berry Pearl and Blackberry Curve, which were a significant design from previous models and for the first time targeted both(prenominal) normal consumer and business professionals. RIM had a variety of product designs and innovation awards, including one of the Top 10 Products from Computerworld in the Past 40 Years. Recently, RIM has stepped up in advertising its product, standardised images from celebrities like Madonna and Paris Hilton holding Blackberry in their hands. Especially, US President Obama were sighting using Blackberry device.Also, RIM is very brave to rough their target market to younger consumers instead of their usual business consumers by launching Facebook, partnerships with software developers to shape popular games such as Guitar Hero II to the Blackberry fluid platform. Another illustration is that just six months after launching Facebook for BlackBerry, downloads of the popular social ne cardinalrking software application had topped one cardinal, indicating that younger consumers were gravitating towards the popular handhelds. All these actions suggest a to a greater extent aggressive move to the consumer, or at to the lowest degree prosumer, smartphone space.Whats more, RIM is expanding the number of product and technology teaching facilities in locations such as garrison Lauderdale. Geographi c expansion is an essential strategy, but it has its trade-off. We will talk more about this in the SWOT analysis. One of the key factor for RIM to win over competitors is in the field of R&D. RIM employed just over 2,100 people with different R&D areas of expertise radio relative frequency engineering, hardware and software design,audio and display improvement, antenna design, circuit board design, power management, industrial design, and manufacturing engineering, among others.R&D efforts focused on improving the functionality, security and performance of the BlackBerry solution, as well as development new devices for current and emerging network technologies and market segments. R&D had increase significantly both in terms of the total number of employees as well as the geographic scope of its operations. Since 2000, the R&D assembly had grown more than tenfold, from 200 to 2,100 people and expanded to two more locations in Canada. Additionally, by merging with competitors, RI M had over 270 carrier partnerships in more than 110 countries around the world.through and through the Blackberry Connect licensing program other leading device manufacturers such as Motorola, Nokia, Samsung and Sony Ericsson could also apparel their handsets with Blackberry functionality and other technologies. 2. 4. Evaluating the strategy 2. 4. 1 From quantitative standpoint In 2007 revenue increased by 98% from the previous year. Reached 14 million subscribers worldwide and had just over $6 billion in revenue (see Exhibits 1 and 2). Since 2000, the R&D group had grown more than tenfold, from 200 to 2,100 people, made up about 35 per cent of RIMs 6,254 employees. Total headcount had also been growing in retell digits over the last five years (see Exhibit 7). Low employee disturbance rate and legitimate Canadas 10 most admired corporate culture. 2. 4. 2 spot indicators of how well the strategy is working Firms sale, market share and customers 14 million subscribers in 2 008, nearly double than in 2007 with 8 million subscribers worldwide. $6 billion in revenue, doubling of that in 2007 (see Exhibits 1 and 2) 1/6 of the market share (Exhibits 8). RIM revenue compared with others For 4 years RIM revenue increased 10 times more from $595 million to $6,009 million, while the leader Nokia almost double ( $46,606 million to $80,672 million), Motorola from $23,155 million to $36,622 million. Apple from $6,207 million to 24,006 mil and Palm from $838 million to $1,561 million. Overall, RIM had the fastest growing rate (Exhibits 6). As one of the first to market with two-way messaging, over the years RIM has continuously improve its design and technology with award-winning models like Blackberry Pearl and Blackberry Curve.Also, good money is being spent on investment in R&D to keep up with the change of the planetary industry. This creates a good image and reputation of the company to customers. 3. SWOT Analysis 3. 1 Strengths Product innovation (a co mpetence) The rule of R & D Department at RIM is Communication Through Innovation. ? Products that imbibe the attention of both consumers and business professionals. Originally built for busy professionals, BlackBerry had made considerable headway in the consumer market and become something of a social phenomenon. CO-OP program with the University of Waterloo. CO-OP supplies business and industry with drive and contacts, as well as the opportunities to apply and refine what is learned in class. World leader in Business Mobile Communications market ? One of the only trusted phones for the business-class mobile e-mail. As mentioned above, BlackBerry integrate e-mail, phone, IM, SMS, internet, GPS and a variety of other, in addition to small size, long battery life, and ease of use making the product extremely popular with busy entrepreuners. Accumulated wide range of product design and innovation awards, recognition by Computerworld as Top 10 products of the past 40 Years. RIM had more than 100,000 enterprise customers and an estimated 42 per cent market share of converged devices, and significantly higher market share of data-only devices, in North America. Secure delivery ? root system code is one of their few technical assets which is highly defend and is a key role in the success of the company, delivering the safe and secure voice and data infection on which the BlackBerry reputation was built.This can be considered as a distinctive competence of RIM. potent working culture RIMs core competence. ? Company culture has contributed towards a lower turnover rate compared to larger companies, and more happy employees. They seduce flexibility, adaptability and the ability to work col pushatively. on that point are not a lot of process or the kind of bureaucracy. 3. 2 Weaknesses Shortage of physical space at RIMs Waterloo campus. It is considered as a hazard of a growing company since it is not firing to be conducive for expansion. Internal resista nce to expand R&D to locations outside of Waterloo. There are people here, even leaders and senior people, who said What? Products being built elsewhere? No We cant do that Then we wont have any control So, some of it is a heathen shift and a mind shift for the people that have been there and it is hard for them to let go and to be part of a really big company. 3. 3 Opportunities Economic situation ? many smaller firms and technology start ups are struggling financially. ? In light of the dynamic market situation, RIM needs to ensure that its investment in R&D keeps up with the pace of change in the mobile industry. Analysts predict an immense opportunity for smart phones starting in 2008-2009, which shipments reaching the billions by 2012. There are not many trusted alternatives for business-class mobile e-mail. RIM could be one of the worlds biggest handset manufacturers in the future. 3. 4 Threats Global economic downturn recently caused a lot of difficulties for all compani es, and RIM is not taken into the exception. Explosive growth and increased competition on the R&D team to develop new solutions in the global smartphones market. In 2007, Symbian Operating System designed for mobile devices held an estimation of 65 percent worldwide share of the converged devices, shipping 77. 3 million smartphones. The second position was precondition to Microsofts Windows Mobile OS with 12 percent while RIM Blackberry OS at 11 percent. Apple announced that it would be pursuing the business segment, as Microsoft and Google were also both trying. Apples innovation in its mobile user interface and new technology (thermal twin screen) has created a new trend in mobile phone usage. This prompted a lot of design activities among competitors. Key competitors have already expanded globally while RIM is just on the way to be a global player. As can be seen from the SWOT above, RIM has a lot of strengths compared with its weaknesses. Its main problems that need solving currently are the expansion of the head quarter in Waterloo and the frightful scrap between competitors since there are day-by-day changes in technology that is considered as the matter of life and death for each player in mobile industry. When RIM becomes a global cell-phone producer, it has to face with the competition from giants such as NOKIA, Motorola, Apple, Palm, etc. . Weighted competitive strength assessment To do the weighted competitive strength assessment of RIM, we take 2 main competitors namely Apple and Nokia. In order to have a very(prenominal) view, we would like to consider the competitive assessment merely in the biggest industry of RIM smart phones. The 8 key success factors that most affect industrys members to prosper in the marketplace are identified. Among them, qualified human resource and quality of the products are considered the most important, thus get the weight of 0. 2. These are followed by the innovation to create new product, which is given 0. 15 weight.Reputation/image, financial resources, technological skills and product security are all rated as of medium importance, hence having 0. 1 weight. Last comes the customer service capability with the weight of 0. 05. pic From the assessments, it is seen that RIM ranks higher than its two competitors in terms of product quality and product security. However, the company is not as good as rivals in other aspects. Therefore, all things considered, the firm has a net competitive disadvantage versus major competitors, with the weighted overall strength rating of only 6. 9 compared to Apples 7. 4 rate and Nokias 8. 5. 5. Strategic issues and problems that merit front-burner managerial attention afterwards careful consideration of both industry and competitive analysis, as well as the evaluations of the companys own competitiveness, we have come to the rag list that is get on discussed below. This list points out strategic issues that the managers of Research in Motion need to a ddress and resolve so that the company can be more financially and competitively successful in the years ahead. ? How to recruit and retain qualified engineers As mentioned above, R&D and engineering were the heart and soul of RIM.Therefore, the growth of the company is in close relationship with the development of its technological human resource. With the explosive growth of the firm, since 2000, the R&D group had grown more than tenfold, from 200 to 2,100 people. However, the industry is experiencing a scarcity in the labor market, especially for high-skilled workers, leading to fierce competition to attract talented individuals. In the specific situation of RIM, because of its centralization in Waterloo, the company relies heavily on the labor supply of the region. However, this resource is strictly limited.On the other hand, the enterprise also faces threats from other companies, such as Microsoft or Google, as Waterloo is regarded as an incredible pool of talent. Attracting outside talent to Waterloo was difficult given the competitive nature of the global software development industry. The city of 115,000 people might not be perceived by some candicates to be as attractive as other high-tech centers which were more cosmopolitan, for instance Silicon Valley, or Taipei, Mitaka, Glasgow. In software, breakthrough innovations often came from small teams led by a visionary.In other words, although new graduates were essential, to be ahead of the game, a good proportion of the incoming employees for RIM was going to have to be senior hires. In the dynamic wireless communications market, exceptional software developers were scarce. From some other perspective, similar to other players in the telecommunication industry, it is RIMs policy to maintain its R&D spending as a consistent percentage of total sales. R&D expenses are seen as a proxy for new product or service development, therefore used as a key indicator of future revenue potential.Human capital represented the bulk of R&D dollars and in fact, this rate is decreasing from 10. 59% in 2004 to 5. 99% in 2008. This is significantly low compared to rivals rate Palm with 12. 24%, Motorola with 12. 09% and Nokia with 10. 20%. As a result, the need to increase the R&D employees is crucial to the development of the corporation. ? How to solve the shortage of physical space at RIMs Waterloo This is another problem that needs attention from managers of RIM. The expansion of physical space is essential to satisfy the current adopt of organizations people as well as facilitate the growing human resource. Whether to remain centered in Waterloo or expand existing geographies Maintaining the centralization in its headquarter brings about various benefits, such as the nurturing of the corporate culture, or the control of technology together with core activities. In fact, the cryptographic and software source code of Blackberry on which the brand reputation was built is considered uncomprom ised by the corporation. It is said by Chris Wormald, vice president of strategic alliences, that Our source code is really among our few enduring technical assets.We have gone through extraordinary measures to protect it. We dont give anyone any access under any circumstances. This vertical integration of technology makes geographic expansion and outsourcing of software development very difficult. Therefore, cerebral property rights is strategically managed through a strategy that divided core platform development from product and technology development, with most of the core work still occuring in Waterloo. However, it is also concerned that without geographical expansion, the company can be left behind in its competition. How to maintain the unique culture while expanding the company The culture at RIM headquarters was seen as one of its differentiators and was a key factor in RIMs low employee turnover rate. The company has recently been recognized as one of Canadas 10 Most A dmired integrated Cultures. This culture is described as flexible, adaptable and supportive, leading to the ability to respond quickly to market opportunities of the firm. Compared to its competitors, RIM has a nice and dynamic environment, a place engineers like to work. Nevertheless, this unique culture is being challenged.The exponential growth of the company means the dramatic increase in human resource, and how to integrate the newcomers into RIMs culture becomes an alarming question. Furthermore, when expansion of R&D is brought into consideration, informal resistance is also heard. People complained about changing in the strategy. So here a cultural shift for the people is required. ? How to compete with rivals in markets other than the North America In terms of operating(a) system, RIM Blackberry is ranked the third worldwide, with 11% market share in 2007, and the first in North America. In the same year, 57. % of RIMs revenues were derived from the United States, 7. 3% f rom Canada and the remaining 34. 8% from other countries. Currently RIM had offices in North America, Europe and Asia Pacific, however, it had only three wholly owned subsidiaries two in Delaware and one in England. From this statistics, it can be seen that the main market of Blackberry is still North America. To compete successfully, RIM has to enhance its appearance and market share in other major markets as well. Expanding the global reach of Blackberry solutions is therefore a fundamental part of RIMs strategy.III. decision From the internal environment analysis, we draw a conclusion that RIM is pursuing a reasonable strategy of focus differentiation. Its trend to move toward the consumer market is wise, promising to bring more market share and scratch for the company. However, because of its small size and limited resources compared to big players in the industry, it is somehow having a net competitive disadvantage. To further itself in the future, the company should enhance its strengths, minimize the weaknesses together with catching opportunities as well as eliminating threats.The worry list above should be considered carefully so that the company can be compete more successfully in the coming years. REFERENCE 1. Company Histories. Research in Motion Ltd. Online getable at http//www. fundinguniverse. com/company-histories/Research-in-Motion-Ltd-Company-History. hypertext markup language Accessed 20 rattling(a) 2009. 2. Pkaasish, 2008. Research in Motion Ltd. Always on, always connected. Online operational at http//www. oppapers. com/essays/Blackbberry/132559 Accessed 22 August 2009. 3. 2008. RIM Reviews in Waterloo, ON (Canada). Online obtainable at http//www. lassdoor. com/Reviews/RIM-Waterloo-Company-Reviews-EI_IE9091. 0,3_IL. 4,12_IC2280158_IP4. htm Accessed 30 August 2009. 4. PATRICIA BOW, 2008. BUSINESS not as usual. Online Available at http//www. alumni. uwaterloo. ca/alumni/pubs/magazine/spring09/business/index. html Accessed 30 August 2 009. 5. Arik Hesseldahl, 2006. BlackBerry vs. Redberry in China. Online Available at http//www. businessweek. com/technology/ field/apr2006/tc20060413_266291. htm? chan=search Accessed 30 August 2009. 6. Innovation, 2008. BlackBerry Innovation Behind the Icon. Online Available at http//www. businessweek. com/ inaugurate/content/apr2008/id2008044_416784_page_2. htm Accessed 1 September 2009. 7. Singapore and Reading (UK), 2008. Smart mobile device shipments hit 118 million in 2007, up 53% on 2006. Online Available at http//www. canalys. com/pr/2008/r2008021. htm Accessed 2 September 2009. 8. Wikipedia, 2008. Smartphone. Online Available at http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Smartphone Accessed 3 September 2009. 9. BlackBerry Nation Sample Chapter. Chapter Two The Birth of the BlackBerry. Online Available at http//blackberrynationbook. om/index. php/BlackBerry_Nation_Sample_ChapterFinancing_The_BlackBerry Accessed 2 September 2009. 10. Damian Francis, 2009. Screw You Economic Downturn, Wer e BlackBerry . Online Available at http//www. popsci. com/gear-amp-gadgets/ phrase/2009-02/screw-you-economic-downturn-we%E2%80%99re-blackberry Accessed 6 September 2009. Exhibit 1 Note RIM fiscal year ends in March (Fiscal 2008 is the year ending March 31, 2008) fountain RIM Fiscal 2007 Annual Report and Fiscal 2008 Press Release (April 2, 2008) Exhibit 2 picpic Exhibit 3 pic 1.BlackBerry Enterprise Server cast-iron software that acts as the centralized link between wireless devices, wireless networks and enterprise applications. The server integrates with enterprise messaging and collaboration systems to provide mobile users with access to email, enterprise instant messaging and personal information management tools. All data between applications and BlackBerry smartphones flows centrally through the server. 2. BlackBerry Mobile info System (BlackBerry MDS) An optimized framework for creating, deploying and managing applications for the BlackBerry Enterprise Solution.It provid es essential components that enable applications beyond email to be deployed to mobile users, including developer tools, administrative services and BlackBerry Device Software. It also uses the same proven BlackBerry push delivery model and advanced security features used for BlackBerry email. 3. BlackBerry Smartphones Integrated wireless voice and data devices that are optimized to work with the BlackBerry Enterprise Solution. They provide push-based access to email and data from enterprise applications and systems in addition to web, MMS, SMS and organizer applications. . BlackBerry Connect Devices Devices available from leading manufacturers that feature BlackBerry push delivery technology and connect to the BlackBerry Enterprise Server. 5. BlackBerry Alliance Program A large lodge of independent software vendors, system integrators and solution providers that offer applications, services and solutions for the BlackBerry Enterprise Solution. It is designed to help organizations make the most of the BlackBerry Enterprise Solution when mobilizing their enterprises. 6.BlackBerry Solution Services A group of services that include BlackBerry Technical Support Services, BlackBerry Training, RIM Professional Services and the Corporate Development Program. These tools and programs are designed to help organizations deploy, manage and extend their wireless solution. Source http//na. blackberry. com/eng/ataglance/solutions/architecture. jsp Exhibit 4 picpic Source http//www. rim. com/newsroom/media/gallery/index. shtml and Fortune, BlackBerry Evolution of an icon, Jon Fortt, Sept 21, 2007, accessed April 7, 2008 http//bigtech. blogs. fortune. cnn. om/blackberry-evolution-of-an-icon-photos-610/ Exhibit 5 MOBILE TELEPHONE USERS oecumenic (IN MILLIONS) pic Source Created from data accessed from the Global Market Information Database, April 4, 2008, http//www. portal. euromonitor. com. proxy1. lib. uwo. ca2048/portal/server. pt? control=SetCommunity&CommunityID=207&Pag eID=720&cached= bastard&space=CommunityPage Exhibit 6 pic pic Note Nokia 2007 includes Nokia Siemens. Source Company Annual Reports. Exhibit 7 pic Source RIM Annual Reports. Exhibit 8 Market share of mobile operating system 2008 pic Source Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia